The Game Mechanics section of the manual details the internal formula used in the game's calculations. This section of the manual uses pseudo-code and may not be 100% the same as the code in the game.

The Game Mechanics part of the manual is mainly designed to be a reference for the frequently asked question, “Why do I get this rating when I do X, Y, Z?!” Usually, this answer involves many different variables, which this section of the manual demonstrates.

The game mechanics section of the manual shows how the sausage gets made. So you really may want to avoid this portion of the manual if you enjoy the game.

This is a table of variables and their descriptions used in the formulas.

Value is in millimeters.

Bore_mm = Value in the text box next to the slider.

Value is in millimeters.

Stroke_mm = Value in the text box next to the slider.

Value is in Cubic Centimeters (cc)

Displacement_CC = (0.7854 * ((Bore_mm/10) * (Bore_mm/10)) * (Stroke_mm/10) * SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount)

Value is in lb-ft.

Torque = 10 + (Marq_DesignEngineSkill/20.0) + 
    ((((25) * ((Slider_Performance_Torque - 0.4)*1.5)*ex_1d01p_year99) +
    ((4*(SubComponent_Layout_Length + SubComponent_Layout_Width) )*ex_1d005p_year99) - 
    (14 * (Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy+Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy) * ex_1d004p_year99) +
    (SubComponent_Layout_PowerRatings*5 + SubComponent_Cylinders_PowerRating*13 +
    SubComponent_FuelType_PowerRating*24 + 100*SubComponent_Induction_PowerRating +
    (5 * ex_1d004p_year99 * Slider_DesignFocus_Performance) +
    8*(Slider_Technology_Components+Slider_Technology_Materials + 
    Slider_Technology_Technologies +Slider_Technology_Techniques))*ex_1d0024p_year99))
 
Torque = Torque * ((SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount * Stroke_mm*0.93 * Bore_mm*0.9)*0.000027)+5    
 
if year < 2050 then:
    Torque = Torque * ex_0d996p_year50R
 
Torque = Torque * SubComponent_Valve_PowerRating

tmpAY = AdjustedYear
 
if tmpAY > 80 then:
    tmpAY = 80 + ((AdjustedYear-80)/5)
 
 
rpm = ((((tmpAY^4)*0.00000420875) - 
    ((19*(tmpAY^3))*0.00016835) + ((427*(tmpAY^2))*0.00126) +
    ((1315*(tmpAY))*0.01515) + 620 ) + (265 * ex_1d01p_year99 * Slider_DesignFocus_Performance) +
    (465 * ex_1d0105p_year99 * (Slider_Performance_Revolutions*5.5)) -
    (10 * ex_1d01p_year99 * SubComponent_Induction_PowerRating) +
    (55 * ex_1d005p_year99 * (1-Slider_Layout_Weight)) - (30* ex_1d005p_year99 *
    (Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy + Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy))+  
    (25 * ex_1d01p_year99 * Slider_Technology_Components) + 
    (25 * ex_1d01p_year99 * Slider_Technology_Materials) + 
    (25 * ex_1d01p_year99 * Slider_Technology_Technologies)) * 
    SubComponent_FuelType_RPM
 
 
rpm = rpm * SubComponent_Valve_RPM
 
rpm = rpm - ((rpm/1.5) * (Stroke_mm/221.136364))
 
if rpm < 25 then:
    rpm = 25

Values are in HP.

hp = (Torque * rpm) / 5252

Values are in inches.

Length = (3 + (Displacement_CC/((47.3)+277))) * SubComponent_Layout_Length +
    ((SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount)*(Bore_mm/130.0)) +
    (SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount+(5*(Bore_mm/130.0))+
    2*SubComponent_Valve_Size)
 
Length = Length + (0.16 * Length * Slider_Layout_Length)

Bank = SubComponent_Layout_CylinderLengthArrangment * -1
 
Length = 3+(0.039 * (Bore_mm * 2)) + 5 * Slider_Layout_Length
 
Length = Length * Bank

Banks = 0.5;
 
if SubComponent_Layout_CylinderLengthArrangment > 0
    Banks = 1.0/SubComponent_Layout_CylinderLengthArrangment
 
Length = (4 + ((Displacement_CC*(Banks*2))/((47.3)+277))) * 
    SubComponent_Layout_Length + ((SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount*Banks)*
    (Bore_mm/130.0)) + ((SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount*(Banks*2))+
    (5*(Bore_mm/130.0))+2*SubComponent_Valve_Size)
 
 
Length = Length + (0.16 * Length * Slider_Layout_Length);

Values are in inches.

Width = (6 + (Displacement_CC/((57.3)+302))) * SubComponent_Layout_Width + 
    ((6*(Bore_mm/115.0))+5*SubComponent_Valve_Size)
 
Width = Width + (0.16 * Width * Slider_Layout_Width)
 
if(SubComponent_Layout_CylinderLengthArrangment < -1)
{
    Bank = 1/(SubComponent_Layout_CylinderLengthArrangment * -1)
    Width = Width * Bank
}

Values are in lbs.

Weight = 30 + (55*((SubComponent_Valve_Weight+ SubComponent_Layout_Weight + 
    SubComponent_FuelType_Weight + SubComponent_Induction_Weight + 
    SubComponent_Cylinders_Weight)/5.0) )  + (100*(Stroke_mm/80.0)) + 
    (((Length*1.95*Width)/80.0) + 
    ( 40 + (42 * (((Slider_Layout_Width+Slider_Layout_Length)/2.0)+0.05)) + 
    ((15+(15*(SubComponent_Valve_Weight+ SubComponent_Layout_Weight + 
    SubComponent_FuelType_Weight + SubComponent_Induction_Weight + 
    SubComponent_Cylinders_Weight)/5.0 ) ) * (Slider_Layout_Weight + 0.1)) - 
    (15 * Slider_Technology_Materials) + (5 * SubComponent_Induction_Weight)+
    (8*(Slider_Layout_Width+Slider_Layout_Length)) ) * 
    ((Length*1.78*Width)/800.0)) + 
    ((5+(5*SubComponent_Cylinders_Weight))*(SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount))
 
if(SubComponent_Layout_CylinderLengthArrangment > 2)
    Weight = Weight * (SubComponent_Layout_CylinderLengthArrangment/2.9)

Values are in miles per gallon.

FuelConsumption_MPG = 95 + ((55 * ex_1d0023p_year99) * (Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy+0.1)) +
    (40 * ex_1d0023p_year99 * Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy )
 
 
FuelConsumption_MPG = FuelConsumption_MPG +
    (12 * ex_1d0023p_year99*SubComponent_FuelType_FuelRating) + 
    (7 * ex_1d0023p_year99*Slider_Technology_Technologies)
 
FuelConsumption_MPG = FuelConsumption_MPG - (15 * ex_1d0051p_year99 * 
    (Slider_Performance_Torque + Slider_Performance_Revolutions + Slider_DesignFocus_Performance)) - 
    (20 * Slider_Layout_Displacement)+(10*SubComponent_Valve_FuelRating)
 
FuelConsumption_MPG = (FuelConsumption_MPG + (6*SubComponent_Cylinders_FuelRating)+
    (6*SubComponent_Layout_FuelRatings))*SubComponent_Induction_FuelRating + 
    (Marq_DesignEngineSkill/50.0)
 
if( (1.5+Displacement_CC/350.0) > 0 )
    FuelConsumption_MPG = FuelConsumption_MPG/(1.5+Displacement_CC/350.0)
 
FuelConsumption_MPG = FuelConsumption_MPG + 5
 
 
if( FuelConsumption_MPG < 1 )
    FuelConsumption_MPG = 1;
 
if( SubComponent_FuelType_FuelRating < 5 AND FuelConsumption_MPG > 30)
{
    if( SubComponent_FuelType_FuelRating > 1.5 AND 
            FuelConsumption_MPG > (30+(SubComponent_FuelType_FuelRating*2.0)) )
    {
        FuelConsumption_MPG = FuelConsumption_MPG + 
            -FuelConsumption_MPG^0.85+18+(SubComponent_FuelType_FuelRating*2.0)
    }
    else
    {
        FuelConsumption_MPG = FuelConsumption_MPG + -FuelConsumption_MPG^0.85+18				
    }
}

Design_Requirements = (5 * Slider_DesignFocus_Dependability) + 
    (5 * Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy) +
    (5 * Slider_DesignFocus_Performance) + (3 * Slider_Performance_Revolutions)  + 
    (2 * Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy) + (2 * Slider_Performance_Torque) + 
    (2 * Slider_Technology_Technologies) + (1-Slider_Layout_Weight) + 
    (Slider_Layout_Displacement + (1-Slider_Layout_Length + 
    (1-Slider_Layout_Width))) - (2 * Slider_Technology_Techniques)
 
Design_Requirements = Design_Requirements + (SubComponent_Cylinders_DesignRequire) +
    (SubComponent_FuelType_DesignRequirements) + (SubComponent_Valve_DesignRequirements) +
    (5 * SubComponent_Induction_DesignRequirements) +
    (3* SubComponent_Layout_DesignRequirements)
 
Design_Requirements = 2.7027 * Design_Requirements

Manufacturing_Requirements = (Slider_Layout_Displacement ) + (2*(1-Slider_Layout_Length)) +
    (2*(1-Slider_Layout_Width)) + (Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy) + 
    (Slider_Performance_Revolutions * 2) + (2 * Slider_Performance_Torque) + 
    (Slider_Technology_Components + Slider_Technology_Materials +
    Slider_Technology_Technologies + (3 * Slider_Technology_Techniques))
 
Manufacturing_Requirements = Manufacturing_Requirements + 
    (3 * SubComponent_Cylinders_ManufacturingRequire) +
    ( 3 * SubComponent_Layout_ManufacturingRequirements) + 
    ( 2 * SubComponent_Induction_ManufacturingRequirements) +
    (SubComponent_FuelType_ManufacturingRequirements) +
    ( 2 * SubComponent_Valve_ManufacturingRequirements)
 
 
Manufacturing_Requirements = Manufacturing_Requirements * 3.7037

if( SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount > 0 )
    Power_Rating = Torque / ( (100 * ex_1d007p_year99) * SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount / 2.2 )
 
Power_Rating = Power_Rating * 50
 
if( Power_Rating > 50 )
    Power_Rating = 50
 
Power_Rating = Power_Rating + ( 50 * ( Torque/2000.0 ) )
 
if( Power_Rating > 100 )
    Power_Rating = 100

FuelEconomy_Rating = (FuelConsumption_MPG / 120.0)* 100;
 
if(FuelEconomy_Rating >100)
	FuelEconomy_Rating = 100;

Reliability_Rating = (6 * Slider_DesignFocus_Dependability) + 
    (3* (1-Slider_DesignFocus_Performance)) + (5*(1-(rpm/10000.0)))  +
    (2*1-Slider_Performance_Torque) + (3*1-Slider_Performance_Revolutions) + 
    (3 * Slider_Technology_Components) + (2 * Slider_Technology_Materials) + 
    (1-Slider_Technology_Technologies) + (Slider_Technology_Techniques)
 
 
Reliability_Rating = Reliability_Rating + (1 * SubComponent_Cylinders_ReliabilityRating) + 
    (1 * SubComponent_FuelType_ReliabilityRating) + 
    (1 * (1-SubComponent_Induction_ReliabilityRating)) + 
    (1 * SubComponent_Layout_Reliability) + 
    (2*SubComponent_Valve_ReliabilityRating)
 
Reliability_Rating = Reliability_Rating + (8 * (1-(Stroke_mm/150.0)))
 
Reliability_Rating = Reliability_Rating / 4.5
 
Reliability_Rating = Reliability_Rating * 10
 
Reliability_Rating = Reliability_Rating + (Marq_DesignEngineSkill/10.0)
 
 
if(Reliability_Rating<0)
	Reliability_Rating = 0
 
if(Reliability_Rating>100)
	Reliability_Rating = 100

Smoothness_Rating = (-(1.0/10.0)*((SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount-8) * 
    (SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount-8))+5)
 
Smoothness_Rating = Smoothness_Rating + (SubComponent_Cylinders_SmoothnessRating * 2) + 
    (SubComponent_FuelType_SmoothnessRating * 2) + (SubComponent_Layout_Smoothness*2) +
    (Slider_Technology_Components * 3) + (Slider_Technology_Technologies * 2) + 
    (Slider_Technology_Techniques * 3) + (SubComponent_Valve_SmoothnessRating*2) + 
    (Marq_DesignEngineSkill/25)
 
Smoothness_Rating = Smoothness_Rating * 4
 
if( Smoothness_Rating > 100 )
    Smoothness_Rating = 100
 
if(Smoothness_Rating < 1 )
    Smoothness_Rating = 1;

Overall_Rating = (Reliability_Rating + FuelEconomy_Rating + Power_Rating + 
    Smoothness_Rating + (Marq_DesignEngineSkill))/5
 
Overall_Rating = Overall_Rating + (5*PreResearchEngineAmountEffect)
 
if(Overall_Rating > 100)
    Overall_Rating = 100

Unit_Costs =((((((70* ex_1d01p_year99 * (((1-Slider_Layout_Length) + (1-Slider_Layout_Width))/2.0)) +
    (220 * ex_1d004p_year99 * (((0.25+(Slider_Performance_Revolutions * 
    Slider_Performance_Revolutions) + (Slider_Performance_Torque * Slider_Performance_Torque))/2.0) -
    (0.5-(Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy*Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy)) )  ) +
    (60 * ex_1d01p_year99) *  ((Slider_Performance_Revolutions * Slider_Performance_Revolutions) +
    (Slider_Performance_Torque * Slider_Performance_Torque)) +
    220 * ex_1d008p_year99*(0.1+(((Slider_Technology_Materials*Slider_Technology_Materials)+
    (Slider_Technology_Techniques*Slider_Technology_Techniques ) + 
    (Slider_Technology_Components*Slider_Technology_Components))) ) +
    170 * ex_1d008p_year99*(Slider_Technology_Technologies*Slider_Technology_Technologies) +
    50 * ex_1d0035p_year99 * (Slider_DesignFocus_Dependability * Slider_DesignFocus_Dependability) +
    180 * ex_1d0035p_year99 * (Slider_DesignFocus_Performance * Slider_DesignFocus_Performance )+
    (260 * ex_1d006p_year99 * (2.168 * Slider_Layout_Displacement^1.5 -4.44 * Slider_Layout_Displacement^3 +
    2.646  * Slider_Layout_Displacement^4.5 + 3.126 * Slider_Layout_Displacement^6 )+
    (70 * ex_1d005p_year99 * (SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount/6.0) + 
    (.75 +  Slider_Layout_Displacement^1.5) - (Slider_Layout_Weight^2)) + 10 * 
    (Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy^2) - 50 ) *  ex_1d003p_year99 + 
    (160 * SubComponent_Cylinders_UnitCosts)^ex_1d003p_year99 +
    (120 * SubComponent_Layout_UnitCosts)^ex_1d004p_year99 +
    (140 * SubComponent_Valve_UnitCosts)^ex_1d004p_year99 +
    (435 * SubComponent_Induction_UnitCosts)^ex_1d004p_year99 +
    (120 * SubComponent_FuelType_UnitCosts)^ex_1d004p_year99) * 
    (.125 + 0.12 * SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount)) * 
    (Global_Interest_Rate/2.0)) + 50)  * carPriceRate) * (designRandomVal);
 
Hyper_Sliders = ((Slider_Layout_Displacement*2 + (1-Slider_Layout_Length) + 
    (1-Slider_Layout_Width) + (1-Slider_Layout_Weight)) +
    (Slider_Performance_Revolutions + Slider_Performance_Torque + Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy) +
    (Slider_DesignFocus_Performance + Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy  + Slider_DesignFocus_Dependability) +
    (Slider_Technology_Materials + Slider_Technology_Components + Slider_Technology_Techniques +
    Slider_Technology_Technologies))/13.0;
 
Hyper_Costs = 475 * ex_1d04p_year99 * (Hyper_Sliders*Hyper_Sliders*Hyper_Sliders*Hyper_Sliders);
 
 
Unit_Costs = Unit_Costs + Hyper_Costs - ((Unit_Costs/10) * (Marq_DesignEngineSkill/100));
 

Design_Costs = (((18000 * ( 0.05+Slider_Layout_Displacement^1.5 ) *ex_1d025p_year99 +
    (4000 * (1-(Slider_Layout_Weight*Slider_Layout_Weight))  *ex_1d033p_year99)  +
    5000 *  (0.15+(Slider_Technology_Materials * Slider_Technology_Materials ) + 
    (Slider_Technology_Techniques * Slider_Technology_Techniques ) + 
    (Slider_Technology_Components * Slider_Technology_Components))^ 
    (0.1 + (Slider_DesignFocus_Performance * Slider_DesignFocus_Performance) + 
    (Slider_DesignFocus_Dependability * Slider_DesignFocus_Dependability) + 
    (Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy * Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy)) *
    ex_1d033p_year99+2500*((1.01 - Slider_Layout_Weight)*(1.01-Slider_Layout_Weight)) * ex_1d033p_year99 -
    2500 * ex_1d033p_year99 * ((1-Slider_Layout_Width)+ (1-Slider_Layout_Length)) +
    12000 * (0.2+(Slider_DesignFocus_Performance*Slider_DesignFocus_Performance) +
    (Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy*Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy)) * 
    ex_1d05p_year99 +1500*(3.5+ (Slider_DesignFocus_Dependability*Slider_DesignFocus_Dependability)) *
    ex_1d039p_year99)*ex_1d03p_year99 +
    (4000 * ((Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy *Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy ) + 
    (Slider_Performance_Revolutions * Slider_Performance_Revolutions ) + 
    (Slider_Performance_Torque*Slider_Performance_Torque)) * ex_1d038p_year99) +
    (3000 * (Slider_Technology_Technologies * Slider_Technology_Technologies) * ex_1d035p_year99) +
    (Hyper_Costs * (500*ex_1d035p_year99)) +
    ((95 * SubComponent_Cylinders_DesignCosts)^ex_1d01p_year99) +
    ((115 * SubComponent_Layout_DesignCosts)^ex_1d01p_year99) +
    ((195* SubComponent_Induction_DesignCosts)^ex_1d01p_year99) +
    ((90* SubComponent_Valve_UnitCosts)^ex_1d01p_year99) +
    ((90 * SubComponent_FuelType_DesignCosts)^ex_1d01p_year99) * 
    (Global_Interest_Rate)) * ex_1d003p_year99)
 
 
if(year > 1910 && year < 1930)
    Design_Costs = Design_Costs * (SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount*(1 - 0.0375 * (year-1910)))
else if(year > 1930 && year < 1950)
    Design_Costs = Design_Costs * (SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount*(0.25 - ( 0.005 * (year-1930) )))
else if( year > 1950 )
    Design_Costs = Design_Costs * (SubComponent_Cylinders_CylinderCount * 0.15);
 
 
Design_Costs = (Design_Costs * 0.85) + ((Design_Costs *0.15 ) * SubComponent_Cylinders_DesignCosts)
 
 
Design_Costs = (Design_Costs/5)+(Design_Costs*(Slider_DesignFocus_DesignPace*Slider_DesignFocus_DesignPace*4.5))

Finish_Time =   (((0.55 * Slider_Layout_Displacement) + (1- Slider_Layout_Weight) +
    0.45 * (Slider_Performance_Revolutions + Slider_Performance_Torque + Slider_Performance_FuelEconomy) +
    0.45 * (Slider_DesignFocus_Dependability + Slider_DesignFocus_FuelEconomy + 
    Slider_DesignFocus_Performance))*ex_1d004p_year99 +  (SubComponent_Cylinders_FinishTime) +
    (SubComponent_Layout_FinishTime) + (.75 * SubComponent_Induction_FinishTime) + 
    (.55 * SubComponent_FuelType_FinishTime)) + SubComponent_Valve_FinishTime + 1-
    (2*(FactOverallVAL/100.0))+ (1.15*ex_1d003p_year99*Hyper_Sliders)
 
Finish_Time = Finish_Time + ((year-1850)/50)
 
additionalTime = 0;
 
if(year < 2021)
{
    if(( Slider_DesignFocus_DesignPace + 0.05 )  > 0)
        additionalTime = ( ((year-1840)/15.0 ) *((0.5/( Slider_DesignFocus_DesignPace+0.05) ) - 0.45) )
    else
        additionalTime = ( ((year-1840)/15.0 ) *((0.5/(0.05) ) -0.45) )
 
}
else
{
    if(( Slider_DesignFocus_DesignPace+0.05)  > 0)
        additionalTime = ( ((2020-1840)/15.0 ) *((0.5/( Slider_DesignFocus_DesignPace+0.05) ) - 0.45) )
    else
        additionalTime = ( ((2020-1840)/15.0 ) *((0.5/(0.05) ) -0.45) )
}
 
if(Slider_DesignFocus_DesignPace < 0.5)
{
    Finish_Time = Finish_Time +  additionalTime
}
else
{
    turnsOff = (Slider_DesignFocus_DesignPace - 0.5)/0.20
    Finish_Time = Finish_Time +  (additionalTime - turnsOff)
}
 
if(Finish_Time < 1)
    Finish_Time = 1

if(year < 2021)
    Engineers_Required =	Design_Requirements * (0.11833*(year-1899)+0.275);
else
    Engineers_Required =	Design_Requirements * (0.11833*(121)+0.275);
 
 
Engineers_Required = Engineers_Required/5 + ((Engineers_Required/1.2)*
    Slider_DesignFocus_DesignPace) + 3;